English
Z. Smith Reynolds Library Special Collections and Archives
Gertrude and Max Hoffmann Papers
MS608
22.7 Linear Feet
2 document boxes, 8 oversized document boxes, 2 flat boxes, 1 flat document box, 1 trunk, 4 oversize items
1900-1956
Music manuscripts and theatrical memorabilia of Gertrude and Max Hoffmann, famous vaudevillian and performing arts figures. Gertrude Hoffmann was known as a vaudevillian, mimic, dancer, and the director of The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls. Max, one of the first arrangers to use ragtime rhythm, was a composer and musical director. The collection (1900-1956) includes music manuscripts, programs, photographs, playbills, notebooks, newspaper clippings, and scrapbooks.
Materials are primarily in English, with French newspapers from 1925 and 1934-1935 and some notes in German.
Biographical Note
Max Hoffmann was born in Gnesen, Poland on December 8, 1873 and died in Hollywood, California on May 21, 1963. He was a composer, conductor and arranger of American music. Originally a ragtime arranger, he is described as being "the first white man to make successfully the first rag arrangements" (Berlin 65). Oxford Music Online describes Hoffmann and his work as "a model of scoring for the nascent piano ragtime industry…[which] helped popularize the work of …ragtime pioneers." Hoffmann also worked as an arranger and conductor for vaudeville acts and as a Broadway composer. He wrote for acts such as the Rogers Brothers and the theatrical producers Klaw and Erlanger. One of his best known Broadway scores is The Parisian Model, which was produced by Oscar Hammerstein. He was also famous for his song The Hoffmann Glide.
Hoffmann served as the composer and musical director for his wife, Gertrude Hoffmann and her dancing troupes known as The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls.
Catherine Gertrude Hayes Hoffmann was born in San Francisco on May 7, 1885, the daughter of John and Catherine (née Brogan) Hayes and died October 21, 1966 in Los Angeles, California. Gertrude Hoffmann was a legendary vaudevillian dancer, mimic, and choreographer who, early in her career, worked with such stage greats as Anna Held and Flo Ziegfield. Known for her Salome dance, Gertrude Hoffmann went on to become a celebrated imitation artist and one of the first female dance directors and choreographers in vaudeville and Broadway (Cohen-Stratyner 430). Gertrude Hoffmann was well-known for introducing the United States to the Ballet Russes in 1910, when she brought her version of the ballet to America. She also worked extensively with Oscar and William Hammerstein, and founded the dance group The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls. The Hoffmann Girls regularly toured in Europe and the United States including appearances at the Moulin-Rouge in 1924-1925, engagements in Paris and London in 1934-35, and at least one appearance in Hollywood. Gertrude Hoffmann was also a co-director of a dance studio and is credited with various musical compositions.
The couple's later years are less well-known. A few biographers attribute a position as a studio arranger in Hollywood to Max and extras parts in films to Gertrude. Evidence, however, of another actress with the same name (Gertrude W. Hoffman) complicate the record. The couple had one son, Max Hoffmann, Jr. He was born in 1902, married Norma Allison, and predeceased both his parents in 1945. Their daughter-in-law, Norma Allison (later Norma Terris), was an actress best known for her role as Magnolia in the musical Show Boat.
Collection Overview
This collection provides a look into the professional lives life of two influential artists in the first half of the twentieth century. As one of the first female dance directors in vaudeville and Broadway, Gertrude Hoffmann's collection of newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, music, notes, and correspondence supports research into the day-to-day details of performing and directing dance and theatre productions. Max Hoffmann's music manuscripts and personal music library provide a resource for both the type of original music that was being written at that time and how it related to and incorporated more traditional, classical music. Personal notebooks and family photographs also provide a more intimate glimpse into the life of the couple. Other material types include newspaper clippings, photographs, music manuscripts, personal correspondence, performance notes, programs, publications, and performance posters. The majority of the collection centers around publicity, music, and notes from The Gertrude Hoffmann Girls, with a smaller but substantial amount of material from Gertrude Hoffmann's own performances as well as personal family records.
Arrangement Note
The collection is organized into eleven series: Series 1. Clippings; Series 2. Correspondence; Series 3. Notebooks, Journals, and Notes; Series 4. Scrapbooks; Series 5. Scripts; Series 6. Photographs; Series 7. Posters; Series 8. Music Manuscripts; Series 9. Ephemera and Oversized; Series 10. Oversized Photographs; Series 11. Programs and Publications.
Preferred Citation
Gertrude and Max Hoffmann Papers (MS608), Z. Smith Reynolds Library Special Collections and Archives,
Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Conditions Governing Access Note
This collection is open for research; some oversize items are restricted due to fragility. Contact Special Collections and Archives for more information.
Preservation Note
Newspapers and photographs have been flattened and repaired.
Existence and Location of Copies Note
Music manuscripts are available as a digital collection.
Photographs are available as a digital collection.
Processing Information
Collection arranged and described by Rachel A. Ernst, with assistance from Megan Mulder and Audra Eagle Yun, 2010-2011. Finding aid revised by Stephanie Bennett in 2017 and 2020, with no changes to physical collection.
Bibliography
Berlin, Edward. Ragtime: A Musical and Cultural History. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980. Print.
Bird, Dorothy and Joyce Greenburg. Bird's Eye View: Dancing with Martha Graham and on Broadway. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997. Electronic.
Bordman, Gerald. American Musical Theatre: A Chronicle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Print.
Cohen-Stratyner, Barbara Naomi. "Hoffman, Gertrude." Biographical Dictionary of Dance. New York: Schirmer Books, 1982. Print.
Cohen-Stratyner, Barbara Naomi. "The Borrowed Art of Gertrude Hoffman." Dance Data? (Unfinished citation)
Cullen, Frank et. al. " Hoffman, Gertrude." Vaudeville Old and New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America. New York: Routledge, 2007. Print
Glenn, Susan A. " 'Give an Imitation of me': Vaudeville Mimics and the Play of Self." American Quarterly, 50.1 (1998): 47-76. Electronic.
Hamberlin, Larry. "Visions of Salome: The Femme Fatale in American Popular Songs before1920." Journal of the American Musicological Society, 59.3 (2006): 631-696. Electronic.
"Hoffmann, Max." ASCAP Biographical Dictionary, 4th ed. New York: Jaques Catell Press, 1980. Print.
"Hoffmann, Max." Oxford Music Online. August 4, 2010. Electronic.
Jasen, David A. and Trebor Jay Tichenor. Rags and Ragtime: A Musical History. New York: The Seabury Press, 1978. Print.
Jowitt, Deborah. Time and the Dancing Image. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1988.Print.
Ragtime music
Vaudeville -- United States
Choreographers
Women dancers
Dancers
Arrangers (Musicians)
Conductors (Music)
Composers
Women choreographers
Terris, Norma -- Pictorial works
Gertrude Hoffmann Company
Hoffmann, Max
Hoffmann, Gertrude
Gertrude Hoffmann Girls
Clippings1900-19261Paris tour clippings, mainly French, some English1934-193611940-19531French language clippingsundated1Duplicate clippings1Correspondence1900-1956Anna Held, 1906190621Edgar Owens, 193122Letters, 193223Paris: letters, contracts, receipts, 193424Letters, 193525Letters, 1936-193726Letters, telegrams, contracts, 193927Letters, 1940-194228Letters, 194329Letters, 1945210Letters, 1946211Letters, 1948-1949212Letters, 1950213Letters, 1951214Letters, 1952-1954215Letters, 1956216Letters, generalundated217Clippings, photos, and notes from correspondence, unsorted218Actor's Fund membership, Max Hoffmann219Unused stationery220Notebooks, Journals, and NotesGertrude HoffmannPersonal notebooks221Address book222Performance notes223Costume and performance notes224Performance notes225Performance and music notes226Typed inventory227Choregraphy notes228Max HoffmannPersonal and performance notebooks229Chevalier notebook230Staff paper notebook231Financial records232Apartment inventory and packing lists, 1953233Goltaire notes234Lyrics, notes, and music by Max Hoffmann1364ScrapbooksMoulin Rouge235Unsorted clippings116Sketchbooks 1 and 2236ScriptsSumurun Script237Sumurun Scenario238Skit for Cocoanut Grove by Edgar Allan Woolf239PhotographsGertrude Hoffmann: PerformanceEarly portraits31Later portraits32Vaudeville and mimic33Dance34Signed headshots35Bookmarks36Hammerstein's roof garden37The Gertrude Hoffmann GirlsParis38London39Hollywood310Headshots311Full length312Signed photographs313Unsorted314Max and Gertrude Hoffmann: FamilyMax and Gertrude315Max Hoffmann316Gertrude Hoffmann317Hoffman Family318Gertrude Hoffmann and friends319[Hayes siblings]320Norma Allison, wife of Max Jr.321Miscellaneous"Lee," 1909322Judy Gilmore323William Hermann Jr., 1928324Phil [nephew?]325Emma Kligge326Harriet Fowler327Elsie and Gertrude Holzer328Unidentified headshots and portraits329Unidentified dancers330Unidentified331PostersBallet RussesHoffmann GirlsOversized Posters143 (restricted)2 (restricted)Music ManuscriptsParts IAcrobatic41Ballet42Ballet Balinese43Bell Number44Can Can Bal Tabarin45Carmen46Cassy47Dance (Sheeran)48Emma
49Esquire410Fashion Parade-Webbing Number411Ferral51Florence52Flower Pot53George Cohan54The High School Walk55India56Koenke Kids57La Mattchiche58Loi Fuller59Mae West510Parts IIM.C. Coy511Military512Moonlight Bathing513New Fencing514Pennington515Savage516Sumurun/Zuretes Bild: In Der Schaubude517Tennis Queen61Victory Medley62Waltz in Springtime63Webbing64Williams65Single PartsBuck/Sprites/Waltz Clog-Violin66Buck/Sprites/Dancing-Bass67Chevalier-Violin68Espana-Violin69Horns610I'm Sure-You're Sure Vocal Line611Loigman-Percussion612Pancederos-Violin613Rhumba/Buck/Waltz Clog/Sprites/Butterflies/Dancing/Shimmic-Cornet Parts614Russian615Stompin' at the Savoy-Alto Sax616Three Waltzes-Horn617Veil Dance Valse-Drum618Full Scores Amaya619Don't Let Them Get You Down620Fan621Hat Dance622Lazy Moon623Negliger624Polka (Colombo)625Stone Age626Scores and PartsBooloo71Cymbal Dance72Dance Modern-Hoffmann Girls73Drum March74Ella Ferucca75Fandanguilo76Held77Lolita78Opening Part I79Opening Part II710Oriental Number711Salome81Serpentine Dance82St. Denis83Tango84Ted Lewis85Voodoo Revel86White Peacock87Piano and Vocal ScoresCocoons
88Eleanor Powell89Hollywood Sextette810Kiss-Kiss-Kiss-Kiss (To the Tune of a Radio Band)811Lawrence812Mothers of the World813My Sing-Song Girlie814Nocturne815Rainbow Over Hollywood816Red Lips817Rose Marie818The Country Road819The Dancing Lesson820The Romping Redheads821The Skywriter's Song822Spanish Rose823Piano Scores42912 Aristocrats92Allegrias Jerez93Ann (Zambra)94Baile Flamenco95Bohemia (Tambour)96Bring 'Em Back Alive97Bulerias98Cansino99Cantour910Castle911Caucasian Number912Change Music913Chanson de Feu Follet (Bulerias No. 14)914Cohan915Coplos y Toros916Dance of India917Danube918Eddie Foy919Ella's Dance920Encore921Fado922Farruca a compass923Flamenco924Fonderie d'acier925Gitana926Gloria927Gold Ballet (Entrance)928Goyesca929Hamparillo930Hoffmann Dance931I'll Close My Eyes 932Jaleo933Jammin'934Jolson (California)935Judy Harain936Launder937Leonard938Lindy Hop939March940Piano Scores II4 Marx Brothers 941Memory942Moorish Numbers943Ned Wayburn's Minstrel Misses944The Night Can be Blind945No. 29-Mavace (The Clothes Rack)946Old Spain947Paris Model (Finale Act II)948Raymondo949Rhapsodie950Russian Dance951Servillanas (Fernandez and Ellas)952Sky Blue Girls953Soft Shoe954Solea955Solerias-Candide956Spanish Rumba957The Star and Stripes Forever958Stokowski959Tacit Fanfare960Tambour961Tambourine Dance962Tango Variation 2-Rose Marie963Tanguay964Tangway965Trapeze Song966Valse Tennis967Vepeto968Zapeteado969Misc. Piano scores w/ lyrics970Printed Music/Personal Music LibraryAlbeniz, I.Album of Eight Pieces for the Pianoforte101Midsummer Nights Serenade102Tango in D. 103Alstone-Place Pigalle104Chavarri, E.-El Viejo Castillo Moro105Chopin, F. Complete Works for the Pianoforte Book I106Valse107Waltz in D Flat-"Minute Waltz"108Czerny-School of Velocity109Drigo, R.-"Reconciliation"; Polka de Caractere1010Exercise Practice Book1011Falla, Manuel D. Danse du Meinier1012Danse Rituelle du Feu1013Friml, R.-Rose Marie1014Gautier, L.-Le Secret1015Griffes, C.T.-Piano Music1016Lecuona, E.-Malaquena1017Leo, F. -No Show To-night!1018Malnech-Signorelli-Park Avenue Fantasy1019Offenbach-Can-Can Dance1020Piano G. H.-Spanish A1021Robin, L.-Love in Bloom1022Scene III1023Scharwenka, X.-Polish Dance1024Simons, M.-Danse De Feu1025Sissle and Blake-Charleston Dance from the Chocolate Dandies1026Strauss, J.-Voice of Spring1027Slyva, G.-If You Knew Susie (Like I Know Susie)1028[Title-Russian]1029Variation II1030Weinberg, M. -Where Do You Work-a John?1031No. 21032No. 9 Danse des confidentes
No. 10 Demons et Sorcieres1033No. 161034Piano Accompaniment1035Fragments from personal music library1036Notes, Scripts, and Misc./FragmentsNotes1037Composition Workbook1038Fairyland/Midsummer Fragmented Script and Piano Score1039Hoffman Introduction1040Jap Number1041Mary Douglas/President -Fragmented Scripts and Notes1042Revue-Notes1043Wigman Notes1044Misc. Compositions, Fragments, Lyrics, Notes
1045Manuscript Paper1046Spanish Jota-Notes1047What is Anything Without Love1048Bayes1049Down on the Farm1050Dreamy Eyes1051Fontane1052Guide Book1053Jack Horner1054London1055Nooney Bob and Pat1056Rainbow Song1057Silhouette Dance1058Moonlight Bathing1059Misc. Compositions and Notes1060 and 61Ephemera and OversizedDe Long hook and eye111File folders with handwriting112Nail file113Reference material114Neverbreak trunk14Oversized PhotographsGertrude Hoffmann12Gertrude Hoffmann Girls12Programs and PublicationsVarious ProgramsFollies of 1907131Saison Ballet Russes-Original and American; Tableau de La Troupe-Programs 135The Century Girl-1916132B. F. Keith's Theatre News133Winter Garden-1926134Poseidon Fountain135The Crazy Show136Dance Revue, Gertrude Hoffmann School of Stage Dancing137Programme-French138Hippodrome Brighton-1939139B. F. Keith's Theatre News1310Katherine Dunham1311Devi Dja, A Night in Bali1312Alvin Theatre1313The Theatre of Angna Enters-19411314Carmelita Maracci1315Adelphi Theatre, Rosario and Antonio-19481316Museum of Modern Art 1317The Playbill for the National Theatre1318Tatiana Piankova, Studio of Russian Ballet1319Ballet Russe, Metropolitan Opera House-19461320Rogers Brothers, Knickerbocker Theatre1321Cecilia Loftus, Lyceum Theatre-19381322Maria-Theresa and the Heliconiades, Carnegie Hall1323Fokine Ballet-19371324Margaret Severn, Barbizon Plaza Theatre-19431325Unity Through Dance, The Studio Theatre-19431326Around the World with Dance and Song1327Harold Kreutxburg, The Ziegfeld Theatre1328The Theatre: The Magazine of Playgoers-19111329Restaurant Ambassaduers1330La Revue de Moulin Rouge1331Le Can Can de la Cote D'Azur-19341332Folies Bergere1333Misc. Programs1334Music On San Francisco Bay1335Radio City Series of Standard and Classical Music1336Das hat die Welt-Music, photos, program 1337Cigarretten 1338Standard Latin-American Library 1339Bird of Paradise1340Come to Me Chimpanzee1341Paree's a Branch of Broadway1342Brother Masons1343Ouvre Ton Coeur (Open Thy Heart)-Bizet1344California Here I Come1345G.O.P1346Alegrias1347Favorite Spanish Dances for Piano Solo 1348Spring Song1349Piano Compositions by Spanish Composers1350The Gertrude Hoffmann Glide1351College Chums1352Malaguena1353Percy1354I Want to Step1355Album of Eight Pieces for Piano1356Misc. Music-Printed and Handwritten117Chopin Waltz Parts-Fencing Folder1357AdvertisementsB.F. Keith's Theatre Advertisement1358Helen Tamaris, Dance School Advertisement1359Moulin Rouge Advertisement1360School of the Dance: Acrobatics, Physical Training and Stage Fencing-Hoffmann, Tarasoff, Herrman 1361Hoffmann Girls article1362Bar exercise workbook1363