Informed Decision Making for Pediatric Care in the Emergency Department

Abstract

The informed consent process is a critical component of medical care, promoting the patient's and their family’s understanding of the nature of the treatment being provided, as well as any risks or benefits. For most children, their parent or guardian holds the moral and legal responsibility to make healthcare decisions on their behalf. Thus, treating pediatric patients in the emergency department (ED) poses a unique set of ethical challenges given the combined complexities of pediatric care and the environment of the ED. Structural issues such as limited access to primary care, long wait times for appointments, and limited/no health insurance can contribute to parents seeking care for their children in the ED rather than in a primary care setting. Educational issues, including low health literacy and lack of understanding about when to seek emergency care versus primary care, also play a significant role in the increased use of the ED for non-urgent medical needs. This thesis aims to explore the informed consent and treatment decision-making process in the emergency department (ED) as an opportunity to educate parents and improve health literacy.